Can-Can Dancer Costume: A Detailed Exploration
The can-can dance, an exuberant and high-energy performance, has captivated audiences since its inception in the 19th century. Central to this dance's allure is the iconic can-can dancer costume, a vibrant and flamboyant ensemble that embodies the spirit of the Belle Époque. This detailed exploration delves into the history, components, and cultural significance of the can-can dancer costume.
Historical Context
The can-can dance originated in the working-class ballrooms of Paris in the 1830s and 1840s. Initially performed by both men and women, the dance quickly became associated with female dancers who embraced the freedom and rebelliousness of the high-kicking moves. The costume played a crucial role in this transformation, evolving to enhance the dance's provocative and energetic nature.
By the mid-19th century, the can-can had become a staple of Parisian cabarets, most notably the Moulin Rouge, which opened in 1889. The dance's popularity soared, and the can-can dancer costume became a symbol of the era's joie de vivre and sensuality. Famous dancers like La Goulue and Nini Pattes en l'air helped cement the can-can's place in popular culture, and their costumes became iconic representations of the dance.
Components of the Can-Can Dancer Costume
The traditional can-can dancer costume is a multi-layered ensemble designed to accentuate the dance's dynamic movements. Each component serves both a functional and aesthetic purpose, contributing to the overall spectacle.
Corset or Bustier
The corset or bustier is a key element of the can-can costume, providing structure and support while emphasizing the dancer's silhouette. Typically made from satin, silk, or lace, the corset is often adorned with intricate details such as bows, lace trim, and boning. The corset's tight fit enhances the dancer's posture and allows for greater freedom of movement during high kicks and splits .
Skirt and Petticoats
The skirt is perhaps the most recognizable part of the can-can costume. Traditionally, it is long and flowing, made from layers of ruffled petticoats that create a dramatic effect when lifted. The petticoats are usually white, contrasting with the vibrant colors of the outer skirt, which can be red, black, blue, or a combination of hues. The multiple layers of fabric add volume and movement, making the high kicks and twirls of the dance even more spectacular .
Bloomers
Underneath the skirt, dancers wear bloomers or pantalettes, which are often decorated with ruffles and lace. These undergarments are essential for maintaining modesty while allowing the dancers to perform their high-energy moves. Historically, bloomers were split, adding an element of risqué to the performance when the dancers lifted their skirts .
Stockings and Garters
Black stockings and garters are standard accessories for can-can dancers. The stockings, often made of fishnet or silk, add a touch of allure, while the garters keep them securely in place. The garters themselves can be decorative, featuring ribbons, lace, or even small feathers .
Footwear
High-heeled ankle boots or shoes are the traditional footwear for can-can dancers. These shoes provide the necessary support and stability for the dance's vigorous movements while also adding to the overall elegance of the costume. The heels accentuate the dancer's legs, making the kicks and splits even more impressive .
Headpieces and Accessories
Feathers, headdresses, and other accessories complete the can-can dancer's look. A feathered headdress or a headband with large feathers is a common choice, adding height and drama to the costume. Other accessories can include gloves, boas, shawls, and jewelry, all of which contribute to the costume's opulent and theatrical appearance .
Modern Interpretations and Variations
While the traditional can-can costume remains a popular choice, modern interpretations have introduced new styles and variations. Contemporary costumes often feature shorter skirts and more revealing designs, playing up the burlesque and erotic elements of the dance. These updated costumes maintain the essential components of the traditional outfit but incorporate modern materials and fashion trends .
Color and Fabric Choices
Red and black are classic colors for can-can costumes, symbolizing passion and elegance. However, modern costumes come in a wide range of colors, including purple, blue, green, and pink. Fabrics such as satin, silk, and lace remain popular, but modern materials like polyester and spandex are also used for their durability and stretch .
Theatrical and Performance Costumes
Theatrical productions and performances often require more elaborate and customized can-can costumes. These costumes may include additional embellishments such as sequins, rhinestones, and embroidery to catch the stage lights and enhance the visual impact. Performance costumes are designed to withstand the rigors of repeated use and may include reinforced seams and extra layers for durability .
Cultural Significance and Legacy
The can-can dancer costume is more than just a dance outfit; it is a cultural icon that represents the spirit of the Belle Époque and the vibrant nightlife of 19th-century Paris. The costume's bold and provocative design challenged societal norms and celebrated female empowerment and freedom of expression.
Influence on Fashion and Entertainment
The can-can costume has had a lasting influence on fashion and entertainment. Its elements can be seen in modern burlesque, cabaret, and even mainstream fashion. The corset, in particular, has made a comeback in various fashion trends, symbolizing both historical elegance and contemporary sensuality .
Representation in Media
The can-can and its costumes have been immortalized in numerous films, musicals, and theatrical productions. Movies like "Moulin Rouge" and "French Cancan" have brought the dance and its iconic attire to a global audience, ensuring that the legacy of the can-can costume endures .
Conclusion
The can-can dancer costume is a timeless symbol of exuberance, sensuality, and artistic expression. Its rich history and intricate design make it a fascinating subject of study and a beloved element of performance art. Whether in traditional form or modern interpretation, the can-can costume continues to captivate and inspire, embodying the spirit of a dance that has enchanted audiences for over a century.
